Zingwe za RF, monga cholumikizira chachikulu-chotumiza ma siginoloji pafupipafupi, zimagwira ntchito yosasinthika pakulankhulana, zakuthambo, kuwulutsa, ndi kuyesa ndi kuyeza. Makhalidwe awo aumisiri amakhudza mwachindunji kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro, kudalirika kwadongosolo, komanso kusinthasintha kwa ntchito zamainjiniya. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza mwadongosolo mawonekedwe aukadaulo a zingwe za RF potengera momwe magetsi amagwirira ntchito, makina amakina, kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe, komanso momwe amagwiritsira ntchito.
I. Kuchita Kwabwino Kwambiri kwa Magetsi: Kutayika Kochepa ndi Kukhazikika Kwambiri
Chidziwitso choyambirira cha zingwe za RF ndi mphamvu yotumizira ma siginali pama frequency apamwamba. Kutaya pang'ono ndi chimodzi mwazabwino zake zazikulu. Pokonza zopangira zinthu (monga mpweya-zopanda mkuwa kapena siliva{3}}zokutidwa mkuwa), zosungunulira (monga polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kapena polyethylene yolimba), komanso kamangidwe kachitetezo, kuchepetsa{4}}mawu afupipafupi (nthawi zambiri ma siginecha amatha kukhala otsika kwambiri kuchokera pa GHz 1 mpaka 1 MHz) Mwachitsanzo, ma semi-zingwe zolimba atha kutaya mpaka 0.5 dB/mita mu bandi ya 18 GHz.
Kufananiza kwa ma Impedans ndi gawo lina lofunikira, lomwe lili ndi mfundo zokhazikika kuphatikiza 50Ω (yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka mphamvu ndi machitidwe oyesa) ndi 75Ω (yofala pawayilesi ndi kanema wawayilesi). Kulekerera kwamphamvu kwamphamvu (mwachitsanzo, ± 1%) kumalepheretsa mawonekedwe azizindikiro ndikuwonetsetsa kusuntha kwamphamvu kwamphamvu. Komanso, kuteteza bwino kumatheka kudzera-zolukidwa mauna angapo (monga chitsulo chamkuwa kapena aloyi yasiliva) kapena zinthu zopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu, zotchingira zotchinga zopitirira -90dB, kuletsa kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic (EMI) ndi kutayikira kwa RF.
II. Kulondola Kwamakina: Kulinganiza Kusinthasintha ndi Kukhalitsa
Mapangidwe amakina a zingwe za RF ayenera kulinganiza zofunikira zotumizira ma siginecha ndi momwe amayikidwira. Kutengera kusinthasintha kofunikira, amatha kugawidwa ngati zingwe-zolimba (pogwiritsa ntchito kondakitala wakunja wolimba wa mkuwa womwe umasunga geometry yokhazikika ukapindika), zingwe zosinthika pang'ono-zoluka (pogwiritsa ntchito kondakitala wakunja wokhala ndi mawaya angapo abwino amkuwa kuti azitha kupindika mokhazikika), komanso zingwe zopindika pafupipafupi (zopindika).
Kusankha kwa sing'anga yotsekemera kumakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a chingwe. Mwachitsanzo, PTFE, yokhala ndi ma dielectric otsika kwambiri (pafupifupi 2.1) ndi kutentha kokhazikika (digrii -55 kufika ku +260 digiri), ndiyoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Mbali inayi, polyethylene yowonjezera imachepetsa kutsika kwa ma siginecha pochepetsa kachulukidwe ka dielectric ndikusunga kulemera kochepa. Zipangizo za m'chimake zakunja (monga polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane (TPU), kapena fluoropolymers) zimatetezanso ku abrasion, mafuta, kapena nyengo.
III. Mapangidwe Owonjezera a Kusinthika Kwachilengedwe
Zingwe zamakampani ndi zankhondo-zikuyenera kupirira zovuta za chilengedwe. Kukhazikika kwa kutentha kumatheka posankha -zinthu zotchingira kutentha kwambiri-zosamva kutentha (monga FEP kapena ceramic-zodzaza PTFE). Zogulitsa zina zimatha kugwira ntchito kuyambira -madigiri 70 mpaka +400 digiri . Chinyezi ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri kumadalira mawonekedwe osindikizira a sheath (monga zojambulazo zowotcherera za aluminiyamu + zomatira zotentha zosungunuka) kapena zokutira zapadera (monga polyimide) kuteteza kulowa kwa chinyezi ndi kuwonongeka kwa insulation.
Pofuna kuteteza kupsinjika kwa makina, zingwe zokhala ndi zida zimawonjezera kukanikizana ndi kulimba kolimba powonjezera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kapena tepi yachitsulo yozungulira, kuzipanga kukhala zoyenera kuziyika mobisa kapena -pagalimoto. Kuphatikiza apo, -ziro zotsika utsi{3}}za halogen (LSZH) zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zachitetezo chamoto pamaulendo a njanji ndi panyanja.
IV. Zolemba Zofananira ndi Zosankha Zofunikira
Makhalidwe aukadaulo a zingwe za RF amawonetsa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito:
Masiteshoni ndi makina a radar: Semi-zingwe zolimba zotayika pang'ono komanso mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri (monga ma LMR series) amasankhidwa pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ma siginecha a ma millimeter{1}}akuyenda bwino (monga 28 GHz 5G band).
Laboratory ndi kuyesa ndi kuyeza: Zingwe zapamwamba-zotha kusinthasintha molondola (monga RG-316) zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa zida monga ma vector network analyzers (VNAs) chifukwa cha kuyankha kwawo mokhazikika.
Satellite ndi mumlengalenga: Ma Ultra-zingwe zopepuka (monga micro-coaxial structures) zophatikizidwa ndi ma radiation-zinthu zosagwira ntchito zimakwaniritsa zofunikira zakuthambo.
Posankha chingwe, ganizirani kuchuluka kwa ma frequency, mphamvu yamagetsi, ma bend radius, ndi zopinga zamtengo. Mwachitsanzo, -mapulogalamu ogwiritsira ntchito pafupipafupi amafunikira chidwi kwambiri ndi ma cable's voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), pomwe -mapulogalamu amagetsi amafunikira ma kondakitala wowongoleredwa bwino-pagawo komanso kapangidwe kake ka kutentha.
Kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo mu zingwe za RF kukupitilizabe kupititsa patsogolo-makina amagetsi othamanga kwambiri. Kuchokera ku sayansi yakuthupi (monga zigawo zosungunulira za nanocomposite) kupita kuzinthu zatsopano zamapangidwe (monga mapangidwe otambasulidwa a coaxial), malire awo amakankhidwira nthawi zonse. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa 6G communications, terahertz technology, and quantum information engineering, ma RF cables apitilila patsogolo-wideband, ultra- low loss, and luntha lwanzeru, kukhala mlatho waukulu wolumikiza maiko akuthupi ndi digito.